SA-213 T91 / UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) Paịpụ mkpuchi ígwè na-enweghị ntụpọ | Isi na-eguzogide creep + mkpuchi alloy dị elu maka ọrụ okpomọkụ dị elu na acidic - Womic Steel

Nkọwa Dị Mkpirikpi:

Paịpụ e ji ígwè rụọ nke nwere njikọ na-enweghị ntụpọ - isi SA 213 T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903) nwere mkpuchi dị n'ime nke UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / 1.4563). Emepụtara ya site na mkpụcha ọkụ, emechara ya oyi, gwọọ ya na okpomọkụ, ma pịpịa ya. Emebere ya maka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu, ihe mkpofu okpomọkụ na osisi acid, ihe na-ekpo ọkụ biomass nwere chlorine dị elu, na ihe na-agbanwe okpomọkụ kemịkalụ dị elu ebe ike na-agagharị na iguzogide nchara dị mkpa.

Zitere anyị ozi-e Nkọwapụta Ngwaahịa

Nkọwa Ngwaahịa

Akara Ngwaahịa

Ihe Isi (Akwado)

Isi ihe (Akwado):SA-213 T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903) – ígwè na-eguzogide mmiri mmiri, 9%Cr, 1%Mo, V+Nb; okpomọkụ ọrụ kachasị elu 650°C

Ihe mkpuchi (CRA liner):UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / 1.4563) – austenitic dị elu alloy (27%Cr, 31%Ni, 3.5%Mo, 1%Cu); PREN 38-40; na-eguzogide sulfuric/phosphoric acid, chlorides dị elu, na gburugburu gbara ụka

Oke nha:OD 38 – 168 mm; Oke ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi isi 4 – 15 mm; Oke ọkpụrụkpụ mkpuchi 2.0 – 3.5 mm; ogologo otu ruo mita 15

Usoro:Mkpọpụta ọkụ → Mmecha oyi → Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ (ịhazi + ime ka T91 dị jụụ, iwepụ ihe ngwọta maka Alloy 28) → Ịkpọ nkụ. Enweghị ntụpọ zuru oke, enweghị njikọta ogologo oge. Ike ịkpụcha ígwè ≥300 MPa.

Ụkpụrụ:ASME Nkebi nke Abụọ Nkebi A (SA-213/SA-213M), EN10216-2 (maka T91), ASTM SB-668 (N08028), EN10088-3 (1.4563), EN12952-2, ASTM E213, ISO 10893-10.

Nnwale:100% hydrostatic, ultrasonic dịka ASTM E213/ISO 10893-10 si dị, tensile (ụlọ na okpomọkụ dị elu), ike, ịdị larịị, tinyere nhọrọ nnwale corrosion intergranular (ASTM A262 Practice E) maka mkpuchi. Asambodo EN 10204 Ụdị 3.1 (Nhọrọ Ụdị 3.2).

Ngwa:Igwe ọkụ kacha mma nke na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-emegharị ihe (650°C), igwe ọkụ na-agbake okpomọkụ n'ime osisi asịd sọlfọ, igwe ọkụ biomass/ihe mkpofu-na-ike (njehie chlorine), igwe ọkụ na-agbanwe okpomọkụ dị elu maka hydrocarbons a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ, igwe ọkụ na-esi n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nwere nri sọlfọ/klorid dị elu.

Womic SteelỌ na-enye paịpụ T91+Alloy 28 a kpụrụ akpụ - ihe ngwọta kachasị maka njikọta oke okpomọkụ na nchara siri ike. Achọpụtara ya na mmepụta ike, osisi acid, na ihe mkpofu dị elu site na ihe mkpofu gaa na ike. A na-achọpụta ya nke ọma, a dị njikere inyocha ndị ọzọ. Kpọtụrụ anyị maka data teknụzụ na ọnụahịa kpọmkwem maka ọrụ.

1. Gịnị mere e ji eji SA-213 T91 + UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) Paịpụ a na-akpọ?

1.1 Ihe Ịma Aka ahụ

Ihe abụọ iche iche enweghị ike imezu ihe achọrọ maka ọrụ dị oke njọ:

● T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1)Ọ na-enye ike mgbawa dị egwu ruo 650°C na ezigbo iguzogide oxidation, mana ọ na-eguzogide nchara na gburugburu acidic, high-chloride, ma ọ bụ utoojoo. Flue gas condensate (sulfuric/phosphoric acid) ma ọ bụ chlorides nke dị n'akụkụ usoro na-awakpo T91 ngwa ngwa.

●Alloy siri ike 28 (UNS N08028)Ọ na-enye ike pụrụ iche megide sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nnukwu chlorides, na mgbawa nchara nrụgide. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị oke ọnụ ma enweghị ike ịbanye n'ime mmiri dị mkpa maka ojiji nke boiler nwere nrụgide dị elu na okpomọkụ dị elu.

1.2 Ngwọta Ya

●Paịpụ T91+Alloy nke nwere ihe mkpuchi 28na-ejikọta isi T91 dị arọ (na-ejikwa nrụgide na creep) na oyi akwa dị n'ime Alloy 28 dị gịrịgịrị (2-3.5 mm). Njikọ ahụ bụ nke ígwè - enweghị mbibi liner, enweghị nchara crevice. Nsonaazụ ya:

●Isi T91na-ahụ na e rubere isi na ASME Section I / EN12952 maka okpomọkụ ígwè ruo 650°C.

● Ihe mkpuchi alloy 28na-eguzogide mmiri sulfuric acid condensation, nnukwu chlorides, na organic acid, na-echebe tube ahụ site n'ime.

●Ọnụ egodị ala karịa tube siri ike nke Alloy 28 nke nha nrụgide hà nhata site na 40-60%.

A na-ejikarị ngwakọta a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe:

●Ngalaba ihe na-ekpo ọkụ/ihe na-ekpo ọkụ ikpeazụnke ihe eji agba ọkụ coal nke ukwuu nke na-eme ka ọ dị oke njọ ebe a na-eji T91 naanị mwakpo ikuku flue gas (n'ihi nnukwu coal sọlfọ).

●Igwe mmiri mgbake okpomọkụ mkpofu (WHRB)ala nke osisi sulfuric acid - gas ahụ nwere SO₃, na n'oge mmalite, acid na-agbakọta n'elu tube.

●Igwe mmiri ọkụ biomass / ihe mkpofu site na ihe mkpofu gaa na ike- oke chlorine dị na mmanụ ọkụ na-akpata nnukwu nchara; ihe mkpuchi Alloy 28 n'akụkụ ọkụ (ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ime, dabere na nhazi ya) na-eme ka tube ahụ dịgide nke ukwuu.

●Ndị na-agbanwe okpomọkụ dị elumaka usoro kemịkalụ nke gụnyere hydrocarbons chlorine ma ọ bụ asịd ọkụ.

1.3 Ụzọ Mmepụta

Mkpọpụ ọkụ + mmecha oyi + ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ + ịchacha ihe. Usoro a na-eme ka tube ahụ ghara inwe ntụpọ na njikọ njikọta ogologo, nke bụ ebe a na-anaghị emezi emezi na paịpụ e ji ihe kpuchie n'okpuru ike ọgwụgwụ okpomọkụ.

2. Nkọwapụta Ihe - T91 Core & Alloy 28 Cladding

2.1 Ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ (% site na oke)

Ihe	SA 213 T91 (Isi)	UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / Kladin)
Kabọn (C)	0.08 – 0.12	≤0.03
Silikọn (Si)	0.20 – 0.50	≤0.50
Manganese (Mn)	0.30 – 0.60	≤2.00
Fọshọrọs (P)	≤0.020	≤0.030
Sọlfọ (S)	≤0.010	≤0.015
Chromium (Cr)	8.0 – 9.5	26.0 – 28.0
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.85 – 1.05	3.0 – 4.0
Nickel (Ni)	≤0.40	29.0 – 32.0
Kọpa (Cu)	—	0.6 – 1.4
Vanadium (V)	0.18 – 0.25	—
Niobium (Nb)	0.06 – 0.10	—
Nitrogen (N)	0.03 – 0.07	—
Ígwè (Fe)	Nhazi nguzozi	Nhazi nguzozi

T91 bụ ígwè na-eguzogide mmiri ozuzo nke a na-akpọ martensitic; Alloy 28 bụ alloy dị elu nke austenitic nke nwere Cr, Ni, Mo, na Cu dị elu - nke na-enye nnukwu iguzogide mbelata na oxidizing acid, chloride pitting, na SSC.

2.2 Njirimara Mechanical (Okpomọkụ Ụlọ)

Akụ na ụba	T91 Isi	Ihe mkpuchi Alloy 28
Ike Mmepụta (min, MPa)	415	220
Ike nrụgide (min, MPa)	585	500
Ogologo (nkeji, %)	20	30
Ike siri ike (kachasị)	HB 250	230 HB

2.3 Ike Na-agbagharị n'Okpomọkụ Dị Elu (T91 Core)

Okpomọkụ (°C)	Ike mgbawa nke awa 100,000 (MPa)	Oke Mkpụgharị 0.2% (MPa)
550	150	120
580	120	95
narị isii	100	80
620	80	60
650	55	40

A naghị eji Alloy 28 eme ihe maka ibu ibu n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu; ọrụ ya bụ naanị nchekwa nchara. Isi T91 na-ebu ibu igwe.

2.4 Nguzogide Nrụgide nke Alloy 28 Cladding

Gburugburu Ebe Obibi	Ọkwa Nguzogide
Asịd sọlfọ (njupụta 0-80%, ruo 80°C)	Ọ dị mma nke ukwuu
Phosphoric acid (njupụta niile)	Ọ dị mma nke ukwuu
Acid hydrochloric (gbazee, okpomọkụ ụlọ)	Ọ dị mma
Chlorides (mkpọchi / oghere)	PREN 38-40; okpomọkụ dị mkpa (CPT) ~50°C
H₂S + CO₂ + chlorides (ọrụ gbara ụka)	Ọ dị mma nke ukwuu; NACE MR0175 dakọtara
asịd organic (acetic, formic, wdg)	Ọ dị mma nke ukwuu

*Alloy 28 karịrị 316L, 904L, na ọbụna 254SMO n'ọtụtụ ngwakọta acid + chloride.*

Njikọ Njikọ 2.5

Akụ na ụba	Uru
Ụdị njikọ	Ọrụ Metallurgical (mgbasa ozi)
Ike ịkwa akwa (kwapụ)	≥300 MPa (anaghị eme ka ọ ghara ịgbasa n'okpuru usoro okpomọkụ)
Oke ntụpọ a na-anabata na UT	Enweghị mwepụ >50 mm; mkpokọta mwepụ <2% nke mpaghara njikọ

2.6 Oke nha

OD (mm)	Isi WT (mm)	WT mkpuchi (mm)	Ogologo Kachasị (m)
38.1	4.0 – 8.0	2.0 – 2.5	15
44.5	5.0 – 8.0	2.0 – 2.8	15
51.0	5.0 – 10.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
63.5	5.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
76.2	6.0 – 12.0	2.2 – 3.0	15
88.9	6.0 – 12.0	2.5 – 3.2	15
101.6	6.0 – 12.0	2.5 – 3.5	15
114.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12
141.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12
168.3	10.0 – 15.0	3.0 – 3.5	12

*Oke OD (ruo 500 mm) enwere ike ijikọta ya na hot roll + JCOE; kọntaktị maka nnweta.*

3. Usoro Mmepụta - Mwepụ ọkụ, Mmecha oyi, Ọgwụgwọ Okpomọkụ, Ịhịa aka n'ahụ

Ụzọ nrụpụta ahụ na-elekwasị anya kpọmkwem n'ihe achọrọ maka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị iche iche nke martensitic T91 na austenitic Alloy 28.

Nzọụkwụ	Nkọwa	Isi Njikwa
1. Mkpọchi ihe mejupụtara	T91 billet gbụrụ, ihe e tinyere na tube Alloy 28. E mechiri emechi vacuum (<10 Pa).	Ịdị ọcha n'elu; ịdị n'otu
2. Mkpọpụta ọkụ	1180-1220°C, mbelata ruru ≥8:1.	Okpomọkụ, ọsọ, mmanụ
3. Ikuku oyi	Mgbe e si n'ọkụ pụta, ikuku tube jụrụ oyi (mgbanwe martensitic na-amalite).	Ọnụego oyi
4. Mmecha oyi	Ịse ihe n'oge oyi / ịpụpụ ihe n'akụkụ ikpeazụ.	Ọtụtụ ngafe, anneal etiti (dị nro Alloy 28).
5. Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ (dị oke mkpa)	Ọ na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị n'otu na 1040-1060°C (ikuku ma ọ bụ oyi ngwa ngwa) + na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị n'ime 760-780°C. Nke a na-enweta usoro T91 ikpeazụ (martensite dị ọkụ). N'otu oge ahụ, a na-etinye ihe mkpuchi Alloy 28 n'ime mmiri.	Ndekọ ọkụ, ule siri ike
6. Ịtụcha ihe	Bath HNO₃+HF na-ewepụ ihe nha oxide na T91 na Alloy 28.	Oge, okpomọkụ, mkpokọta acid
7. Mee ka ọ dị mma ma bee ya	Dịka ogologo ikpeazụ si dị.	Nhazi kwụ ọtọ ≤1.5mm/m
8. NDT na mmiri	Kwa Nkebi nke 4	Nchọta zuru oke
9. Mmecha njedebe	Bevel / nkịtị; ịtinye bọta nhọrọ (Alloy 625 ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe na-ejupụta Alloy 28 dị n'ihu bevel).	Akụkụ

Isi àgwà dị mkpa:Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ahụ na-emepụta isi T91 nke nwere ike ịmịpụta nke ọma yana mkpuchi Alloy 28 nke nwere ike iguzogide nchara zuru oke, ihe niile n'otu okirikiri.

4. Nnyocha na Nnwale - Imezu ihe ASME, EN, na ihe ndị ahịa chọrọ

Maka paịpụ T91+Alloy 28 a kpụrụ akpụ, anyị na-eme mmemme siri ike, gụnyere ule ndị dabara adaba maka ọrụ okpomọkụ dị elu.

Ule	Ọkọlọtọ	Oke	Nnabata
Nyocha kemịkalụ	OES	Okpomọkụ ọ bụla (isi na mkpuchi)	ASME SA-213 T91, ASTM SB-668
Ultrasonic (njikọ ogologo na njikọta)	ASTM E213 + ISO 10893-10	100%	Enweghị ntụpọ a na-ajụ ajụ, iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nkekọ
Nnwale Hydrostatic	ASME SA-450 / EN12952-2	Tubọọ ọ bụla	Enweghị ntapu mmiri, mgbasawanye na-adịgide adịgide OK
Ọkụ (okpomọkụ ụlọ)	ASME / EN	Kwa okpomọkụ (isi)	T91: YS≥415 MPa, TS≥585 MPa
Oke nrụgide okpomọkụ dị elu	600°C (nhọrọ)	Kwa okpomọkụ	A ga-akọ akụkọ (ọ bụghị obere nkọwapụta)
Nnwale mgbawa nke na-akpụ akpụ	600°C ma ọ bụ 650°C	Kwa arịrịọ	Nhọrọ; a na-akwụ ụgwọ iche iche
Isi ike (isi na ihe mkpuchi)	HV10	Ogbe	T91 ≤250 HV; Alloy 28 ≤230 HV
Nnwale ime ka ihe dị nro	SA 450	Kwa okpomọkụ / nha	Enweghị mgbawa na 2/3 OD mkpakọ
Nchikota dị n'etiti granular	ASTM A262 Practice E (na Alloy 28)	Kwa otu (nhọrọ)	Enweghị mwakpo dị n'etiti granular
PMI (XRF)	Nchọpụta ihe dị mma	Tube ọ bụla (nhọrọ)	Kwenye ọkwa alloy

Akwụkwọ:EN 10204 Ụdị 3.1. Ụdị 3.2 nwere onye nyocha nke atọ (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV wdg) dị.

5. Ngwa ndị zuru ezu

5.1 Igwe ọkụ/ihe na-ekpo ọkụ nke kachasị elu nke na-eme ka mmiri dị elu nke ukwuu

Nsogbu:Gas nke nwere sọlfọ dị elu nwere SO₃ nke, n'oge obere ibu ma ọ bụ mmalite, na-agbakọta dị ka sọlfọric acid n'elu ala tube. Standard T91 na-ata ahụhụ site na mkpọda na mfu.
Ngwọta:Paịpụ T91+Alloy 28 nke nwere Alloy 28 n'akụkụ ọkụ (ma ọ bụ n'ime ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-agafe ugboro abụọ). Isi T91 na-eme ka ike ịrịgo na 600-620°C; Alloy 28 na-eguzogide mwakpo acid. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ike China na Europe ewerela atụmatụ a.

5.2 Ọkụ Mwepụ nke Mkpofu na Osisi Sulfuric Acid

Usoro:Gas na-ekpo ọkụ (600°C, nwere SO₂, SO₃) na-abanye na boiler okpomọkụ mkpofu iji mepụta uzuoku. N'oge mkpọchi, SO₃ na-ejikọta ya na mmiri iji mepụta asịd sulfuric a chịkọtara, nke na-agbakọta na tube oyi.
Ngwọta:Ihe mkpuchi Alloy 28 n'akụkụ gas (OD) ma ọ bụ ID dabere na imewe. T91 na-enye ike iguzogide ihe dị mkpa. Nchikota a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ugbu a n'ọtụtụ osisi ọhụrụ sulfuric acid.

5.3 Boilers Biomass / Ihe mkpofu ruo ike

Ihe ịma aka:Biomass (ahịhịa ahịhịa, iberibe osisi, mmanụ ọkụ sitere na ihe mkpofu) nwere chlorine (KCl, NaCl). Na okpomọkụ 500-600°C, gas chlorine na chlorides na-emebi ihe ndị e ji eme ihe ochie nke ukwuu, na-emepụta iron chloride ma na-efunahụ metal ngwa ngwa.
Ngwọta:Ihe mkpuchi Alloy 28 (Ni, Mo, Cr dị elu) na-eguzogide mwakpo chlorine. Isi T91 na-ejigide nguzozi nrụgide boiler. Ndị ọrụ na-akọ na ndụ tube ahụ mụbara site na afọ 1-2 ruo afọ 6-8 mgbe agbanwere gaa na tubes a kpuchiri ekpuchi.

5.4 Ihe Mgbanwe Okpomọkụ Dị Elu Maka Hydrocarbons Chlorin

Ihe atụ:N'ime ụlọ ọrụ vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), gas ndị a na-emepụta nwere ihe ndị e ji chlorine mee na HCl na okpomọkụ 400-450°C. Ígwè anaghị agba nchara nkịtị (304L) anaghị ada ada site na ịpịpụta ihe na SCC. Ihe mkpuchi Alloy 28 na-enye ike dị elu. Isi T91 na-enye ike dị mkpa na iguzogide ihe na-asọ asọ.

6. Uru Karịrị Nhazi Ndị Na-asọmpi

Nhọrọ ọzọ	Ihe kpatara T91+Alloy 28 ji ka mma
Tube siri ike nke T91	Ọ na-adị mfe ịnweta mmiri acid, nkụchi, na mwakpo chloride. A na-agbanwe ya ugboro ugboro.
Tube siri ike nke Alloy 28	Oke oke ọnụ; obere ike mmepụta na-eme ka mgbidi buru ibu, na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa na ibu dịkwuo elu.
T91 nwere mkpuchi njikọta nke Alloy 28	Mkpuchi ahụ na-efu oke ego, na-aga nwayọ nwayọ, ọ na-esikwa ike itinye ya otu otu n'elu obere tubes dị sentimita; enwere ike ịgbaze alloy ahụ. Mgbakwunye ahụ na-enye mkpuchi otu otu na ọnụ ala.
Paịpụ e ji ígwè rụọ	Ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-ada ada n'okpuru usoro okpomọkụ (nke a na-ahụkarị na boilers) - a naghị anabata ya maka ọrụ okpomọkụ dị elu.
Paịpụ ejiri ihe mkpuchi alloy 625 kpuchie	Alloy 625 dị oke ọnụ karịa Alloy 28 ma enwere ike ịkọwa ya nke ukwuu maka ọtụtụ gburugburu acid. Alloy 28 na-enye nguzozi arụmọrụ dị mma.

Nchekwa ego:Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọkpọkọ siri ike nke Alloy 28 nke nwere otu ọkwa nrụgide ahụ, ọkpọkọ T91+Alloy 28 nke a kpụrụ akpụ na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ihe site naPasentị 50-60(n'ihi na T91 nwere ike dị elu, na-ekwe ka mgbidi dị gịrịgịrị, a na-ejikwa alloy naanị dị ka ihe mkpuchi dị gịrịgịrị).

7. Nkwa na Ịchọpụta Ogo

●Nchọpụta:A na-edekọ ma na-etinye akara na okpomọkụ T91 na Alloy 28 n'ime ọkpọkọ ọ bụla emechara. A na-edebe asambodo onye na-ebubata ngwaahịa niile (3.1).

● Njikwa usoro:Okpomọkụ mwepụ, ọsọ mwepụ, chaatị ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, paramita ịsa ahụ a na-atụnye mmanụ niile ka edekọtara.

● Nnyocha nke ndị ọzọ:Anyị na-eme ka SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ma ọ bụ ABS gbaa akaebe n'oge ọ bụla (nnata ihe, mmịpụta, NDT ikpeazụ). E nyere asambodo EN 10204 Ụdị 3.2 dịka o kwesịrị.

8. Nkwakọ ngwaahịa na Mbupu

●Ọnọdụ elu:A pịchara mmanụ ma tinye ya n'ime mmiri - dị njikere maka ntinye. A na-ahọrọ itinye mmanụ n'èzí.

●Nchedo njedebe:Mkpuchi plastik (mkpuchi ígwè dị maka nnukwu dayameta).

●Ngwugwu:Obere dayameta (<88.9 mm) na ngwugwu hex nwere oghere osisi. Diamita ndị buru ibu dị n'otu n'otu.

●Akpa:Akpa 20′ ma ọ bụ 40′. Maka ogologo ya karịrị mita 12, mepee elu ma ọ bụ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala dị larịị.

●Etiti oge:Iwu mbụ izu 16-20 (n'ihi na a na-enweta ihe pụrụ iche a na-eji ígwè arụ ọrụ). Iwu ọzọ izu 12-14. Ogbe nnwale (100 200 m) nwere ike ịdị ngwa ngwa - jụọ ajụjụ.

9. Ajụjụ Ndị A Na-ajụkarị (Ajụjụ Ndị A Na-ajụkarị) – T91+Alloy 28 Clad Pipe

Q1: Kedu okpomọkụ kachasị elu maka paịpụ a a kpuchiri ekpuchi?
A: A na-enye akara T91 maka okpomọkụ ígwè ruo na okpomọkụ ígwè ruo650°C(1202°F) kwa ASME Section I (ike creep na-achịkwa). Ihe mkpuchi Alloy 28 nwere ike iguzogide otu okpomọkụ ahụ, mana enwere ike ibelata iguzogide nchara ya karịa 450°C ma ọ bụrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ahụ na-emebi emebi nke ukwuu. Maka ọtụtụ ngwa boiler (600-620°C), ha abụọ bụ ihe a na-anabata.

Q2: Alloy 28 ọ dabara adaba maka nnukwu mkpokọta nke sulfuric acid?
A: Ee. Alloy 28 na-eguzogide acid sulfuric nke ọma ruo pasentị 80 na okpomọkụ ruo 80°C. N'ime ihe mkpofu okpomọkụ, acid condensate na-abụkarị 60-70% H₂SO₄ na okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru 200°C - Alloy 28 na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.

Q3: Anyị nwere ike ịtụgharị oyi akwa - tinye Alloy 28 na OD na T91 na ID?
A: Ee, ọ bụrụ na ihe iyi egwu nke ire ere sitere n'èzí (dịka ọmụmaatụ, gas flue mpụga). Anyị nwere ike ịmepụta paịpụ a kpuchiri ekpuchi nke nwere oyi akwa CRA na dayameta mpụta. Biko dee ntụzịaka dịka usoro si dị.

Q4: Ị na-eme ule nrụgide okpomọkụ dị elu ma ọ bụ ule creep?
A: Anyị anaghị etinye ha mgbe niile, mana anyị nwere ike ịhazi maka ihe nlele ndị a na-ewepụta site na tube e si na ya pụta (nke na-emebi emebi) na ọnụ ahịa ọzọ. Maka ndị ọzọ hụrụ ule creep, biko nye oge ọzọ (izu 4-6) na ọnụ ahịa.

Q5: Kedu ígwè e ji eme ihe kwesịrị iji gbaa ọkpọkọ T91+Alloy 28?
A: Maka mgbọrọgwụ ngafe (mkpuchi ruo na mkpuchi), jiri Alloy 625 (ERNiCrMo-3) ma ọ bụ Alloy 59 filler. Maka ngafe ngafe (isi T91 ruo T91), jiri ihe nzacha T91 dakọtara (E9015-B9 ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ya). Anyị na-akwado usoro ịgbado ọkụ ruru eru (WPS) maka njikọ ubi ọ bụla; Womic nwere ike inye ihe nlele WPS mgbe a rịọrọ ya.

Q6: Ihe mkpuchi Alloy 28 ọ na-ezute NACE MR0175 maka ọrụ dị ụtọ?
A: Ee. A na-edepụta Alloy 28 (UNS N08028) na NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ruo 450°C n'ebe gbara ụka. Ọ na-eguzogide SSC na HIC. Enwere ike iji ya na nrụgide akụkụ H₂S dị elu.

Q7: Ọ dị na paịpụ a kpuchiri ekpuchi nwere nsọtụ beveled na CRA buttering?
A: Ee. Nkuku bevel nkịtị 30-35° nwere ọdịda 1.6 mm. Anyị nwere ike itinye akwa bọta (Alloy 28 ma ọ bụ Alloy 625) n'elu ihu bevel, ihe dị ka 2-3 mm n'obosara, iji gbochie ịgbaze ihe mkpuchi ahụ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ ubi.

Q8: Kedu ihe bụ ọkpụrụkpụ OD na mgbidi maka ọkpọkọ mmiri ọkụ biomass?
A: OD nkịtị 51-76 mm, isi WT 5-8 mm, ihe mkpuchi 2-2.5 mm. Biko kpọtụrụ anyị maka mkpa nha gị kpọmkwem.

Q9: Ọ bụ ihe na-echegbu mmadụ maka ịnakọta carbon site na T91 gaa na Alloy 28 n'oge a na-ewepụta ya?
A: Mba. Usoro mwepụta ahụ na-emepụta mpaghara mgbasa ozi dị warara (nke na-abụkarị 5-10 μm). Ihe mejupụtara Alloy 28 ka dị n'ime nkọwapụta; anyị na-akwado site na PMI. Ihe egwu nke mmetụta uche adịchaghị mkpa.

Q10: Ị nwere ike inye asambodo EN 10204 Ụdị 3.2 maka paịpụ a a kpara akpa?
A: Ee. Anyị nwere ike ịhazi nyocha nke ndị ọzọ site na TÜV, BV, DNV, ma ọ bụ SGS. Biko gosi ya n'oge a na-enye iwu.