Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na-ezo aka na usoro ikpo ọkụ nke ígwè nke a na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ejide ya ma mee ka ọ dị jụụ site na ikpo ọkụ na steeti siri ike iji nweta nhazi na ihe onwunwe chọrọ.
I. Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ
1, Normalizing: ígwè ma ọ bụ ígwè mpempe akwụkwọ na-ekpo ọkụ ruo n'ókè dị egwu nke AC3 ma ọ bụ ACM n'elu okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị iji nọgide na-enwe oge ụfọdụ mgbe ọ dị jụụ na ikuku, iji nweta ụdị pearlitic nke nhazi nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
2, Annealing: eutectic steel workpiece kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ruo AC3 n'elu 20-40 degrees, mgbe ejidere ruo oge ụfọdụ, na ọkụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ jụrụ (ma ọ bụ lie na ájá ma ọ bụ wayo jụrụ oyi) na 500 degrees n'okpuru jụrụ na ikuku okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro. .
3, siri ike ngwọta okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ: alloy na-ewe iwe na elu okpomọkụ otu-adọ mpaghara nke mgbe nile okpomọkụ ịnọgide na-enwe, nke mere na ngafe frasi na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu etisasịwo n'ime siri ike ngwọta, na mgbe ahụ, mma ngwa ngwa iji nweta a supersaturated siri ike ngwọta okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro. .
4, Ageing: Mgbe siri ike ngwọta okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ oyi plastic deformation nke alloy, mgbe ọ na-enịm ke ụlọ okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ na-na a ubé elu okpomọkụ karịa ụlọ okpomọkụ, onu nke ya Njirimara na-agbanwe na oge.
5, Ngwọta ngwọta siri ike: nke mere na alloy dị n'ụdị dị iche iche gbazere n'ụzọ zuru ezu, mee ka ngwọta siri ike sie ike ma melite ike na nkwụsị corrosion, wepụ nchekasị na nro, iji nọgide na-edozi nhazi.
6, Ọgwụgwọ ịka nká: kpo oku na ijide okpomọkụ nke mmiri ozuzo nke usoro ume ike, nke mere na mmiri ozuzo nke agba ume na-eme ka ọ daa, na-esi ike, iji meziwanye ike.
7, Quenching: nchara austenitization mgbe jụrụ na kwesịrị ekwesị jụrụ ọnụego, nke mere na workpiece na cross-ngalaba nke niile ma ọ bụ a ụfọdụ nso nke ejighị n'aka nzukọ Ọdịdị dị ka martensite mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro.
8, Tempering: A ga-ekpo ọkụ na-emenyụ workpiece ruo n'ebe dị oké egwu nke AC1 n'okpuru okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka oge ụfọdụ, wee mee ka ọ dị mma dị ka ihe achọrọ nke usoro ahụ, iji nweta nhazi na ihe onwunwe chọrọ. usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
9, Steel carbonitriding: carbonitriding bụ n'elu oyi akwa nke ígwè n'otu oge infiltration nke carbon na nitrogen usoro.A na-akpọkwa carbonitriding omenala dị ka cyanide, gas na-ajụ oyi na ikuku carbonitriding dị ala (ie gas nitrocarburizing) na-ejikarị eme ihe.Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ikuku carbonitriding nke ọkara okpomọkụ bụ imeziwanye ike ike, iyi nguzogide na ike ọgwụgwụ nke ígwè.Carbonitriding gas dị ala na-adabere na nitriding, ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwalite nguzogide ígwè na nguzogide taa.
10, Ngwọta na-ekpo ọkụ (imenyụ na iwe ọkụ): omenala n'ozuzu ga-emenyụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu na-ejikọta ya na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ a maara dị ka ọgwụgwọ ọkụ.A na-eji ọgwụgwọ ọkụ ọkụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ akụkụ dị mkpa dị mkpa, karịsịa ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ibu ọzọ nke njikọ mkpanaka, bolts, gears na shafts.Na-ewe iwe mgbe ọgwụgwọ ahụ gasịrị iji nweta nzukọ sohnite na-ewe iwe, akụrụngwa ya dị mma karịa otu isi ike nke nzukọ sohnite nkịtị.Isi ike ya na-adabere n'ịdị elu okpomọkụ tempering okpomọkụ na ígwè tempering kwụsie ike na workpiece cross-ngalaba size, n'ozuzu n'etiti HB200-350.
11, Brazing: na brazing ihe ga-abụ ụdị abụọ nke workpiece kpo oku agbaze bonded ọnụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro.
II.To ji mara usoro
Metal okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ bụ otu n'ime ndị dị mkpa Filiks na n'ibu n'ichepụta, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ machining usoro, okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ n'ozuzu adịghị agbanwe udi nke workpiece na mkpokọta chemical mejupụtara, ma site n'ịgbanwe esịtidem microstructure nke workpiece, ma ọ bụ ịgbanwe chemical. mejupụtara nke elu nke workpiece, inye ma ọ bụ melite ojiji nke workpiece Njirimara.A na-eji ya na-emewanyewanye n'ịdị mma nke workpiece, bụ nke a na-adịghị ahụ anya na anya gba ọtọ.Iji mee ka ígwè arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ achọrọ, ihe anụ ahụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, na mgbakwunye na nhọrọ ezi uche dị na ya na usoro nhazi dị iche iche, usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na-adịkarị mkpa.Steel bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ígwè microstructure mgbagwoju anya, nwere ike ịchịkwa ya site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, ya mere ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke ígwè bụ isi ọdịnaya nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ metal.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, aluminom, ọla kọpa, magnesium, titanium na alloys ndị ọzọ nwekwara ike ịbụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ iji gbanwee ihe eji arụ ọrụ, anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal, iji nweta ọrụ dị iche iche.
III.Tọ na-ahazi
Usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ n'ozuzu na-agụnye ikpo ọkụ, njide, ime ka usoro atọ dị jụụ, mgbe ụfọdụ naanị ikpo ọkụ na ịme ka usoro abụọ dị jụụ.A na-ejikọta usoro ndị a na ibe ha, enweghị ike ịkwụsị.
Igwe ọkụ bụ otu n'ime usoro dị mkpa nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.Ngwọta ọkụ metal nke ọtụtụ ụzọ kpo oku, nke mbụ bụ iji unyi na coal dị ka isi iyi ọkụ, ngwa na-adịbeghị anya nke mmiri mmiri na mmanụ gas.Ngwa nke ọkụ eletrik na-eme ka ikpo ọkụ dị mfe ịchịkwa, ọ dịghịkwa mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.Ojiji nke isi mmalite ndị a nwere ike ikpo ọkụ ozugbo, kamakwa site na nnu ma ọ bụ ọla a wụrụ awụ, na ihe ndị na-ese n'elu mmiri maka ikpo ọkụ na-apụtaghị ìhè.
Metal kpo oku, workpiece na-gụrụ ikuku, ọxịdashọn, decarburization na-emekarị (ie, n'elu carbon ọdịnaya nke ígwè akụkụ iji belata), nke nwere nnọọ njọ mmetụta na elu Njirimara nke okpomọkụ-emeso akụkụ.Ya mere, ígwè ahụ kwesịrị ịdịkarị n'ime ikuku a na-achịkwa ma ọ bụ ihe nchebe, nnu gbazere na ikpo ọkụ, ma ọ dịkwa ihe mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ụzọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa maka ikpo ọkụ.
Igwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ bụ otu n'ime usoro usoro dị mkpa nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, nhọrọ na ịchịkwa okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, bụ iji hụ na àgwà nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke isi okwu.Kpọọ okpomọkụ dịgasị iche iche na mesoo metal ihe na nzube nke okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, ma n'ozuzu na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu frasi mgbanwe okpomọkụ iji nweta elu okpomọkụ nzukọ.Ke adianade do, mgbanwe na-achọ a ụfọdụ ego nke oge, n'ihi ya, mgbe elu nke metal workpiece nweta chọrọ kpo oku okpomọkụ, ma a ga-nọgidere na nke a okpomọkụ ruo oge ụfọdụ, nke mere na esịtidem na mpụga okpomọkụ. na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke mere na mgbanwe microstructure zuru ezu, nke a maara dị ka oge njide.N'iji ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-adị ngwa ngwa, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla na-ejide oge, ebe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke kemịkal nke oge na-ejide oge na-adịkarị ogologo.
Ido oyi bụkwa nzọụkwụ dị mkpa na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, ụzọ jụrụ oyi n'ihi usoro dị iche iche, tumadi iji chịkwaa ọnụego jụrụ oyi.Ọnụego jụrụ oyi n'ozuzu bụ nke kachasị nwayọ, ịmegharị ọnụego jụrụ oyi na-adị ngwa ngwa, imenyụ ọnụego jụrụ oyi na-adị ngwa ngwa.Ma n'ihi na ụdị dị iche iche nke ígwè na nwere dị iche iche chọrọ, dị ka ikuku siri ike ígwè nwere ike imenyụ na otu jụrụ oyi dị ka normalizing.
IV.Process nhazi ọkwa
Metal okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro nwere ike Olee ihe enyemaka kewara n'ime dum okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, elu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na chemical okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nke atọ edemede.Dị ka usoro ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ si dị, ikpo ọkụ ọkụ na usoro jụrụ oyi nke dị iche iche, ụdị ọ bụla nwere ike ịwapụta n'ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị iche iche.Otu ígwè ahụ na-eji usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị iche iche, nwere ike nweta òtù dị iche iche, si otú ahụ nwee ihe dị iche iche.Ígwè na ígwè bụ ígwè a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ, na microstructure ígwè bụkwa nke kachasị mgbagwoju anya, ya mere enwere usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị iche iche nke ígwè.
N'ozuzu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ bụ mkpokọta kpo oku nke workpiece, na mgbe ahụ mma na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ọnụego, iji nweta chọrọ metallurgical nzukọ, iji gbanwee ya n'ozuzu n'ibu Njirimara nke metal okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro.N'ozuzu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nke ígwè roughly annealing, normalizing, quenching na tempering anọ bụ isi Filiks.
Usoro pụtara:
Annealing bụ workpiece bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na kwesịrị ekwesị okpomọkụ, dị ka ihe na size nke workpiece na-eji dị iche iche ejide oge, na mgbe ahụ nwayọọ nwayọọ mma, nzube bụ ime ka esịtidem nzukọ nke metal nweta ma ọ bụ nso na nha nha ala. , iji nweta ezigbo usoro arụmọrụ na arụmọrụ, ma ọ bụ maka nkwụsị ọzọ maka nhazi nke nkwadebe.
Normalizing bụ workpiece bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na kwesịrị ekwesị okpomọkụ mgbe jụrụ na ikuku, mmetụta nke normalizing yiri annealing, naanị iji nweta a finer nzukọ, na-ejikarị eme ka mma ọnwụ arụmọrụ nke ihe onwunwe, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, na-eji ụfọdụ n'ime. akụkụ ndị na-adịchaghị mkpa dị ka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ikpeazụ.
Quenching bụ workpiece na-ekpo ọkụ na mkpuchi, na mmiri, mmanụ ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ inorganic salts, organic aqueous ngwọta na ndị ọzọ quenching ọkara maka ngwa ngwa jụrụ.Mgbe emechara, akụkụ ígwè ahụ na-esiwanye ike, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-aghọ ihe na-akụda mmụọ, iji wepụ ihe mgbawa ahụ n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ dị mkpa ka iwe ọkụ n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị.
Iji belata brittleness nke ígwè akụkụ, na quenched ígwè akụkụ na a kwesịrị ekwesị okpomọkụ dị elu karịa ụlọ okpomọkụ na ala karịa 650 ℃ maka ogologo oge nke mkpuchi, na mgbe ahụ mma, usoro a na-akpọ tempering.Annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering bụ n'ozuzu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na "ọkụ anọ", nke quenching na tempering nwere njikọ chiri anya, na-ejikarị na njikọ na ibe, otu dị oké mkpa."Ọkụ anọ" na okpomọkụ okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ dị jụụ nke dị iche iche, wee malite usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị iche iche.Iji nweta ogo nke ike na ike siri ike, nkwụsịtụ na iwe ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu jikọtara ya na usoro ahụ, nke a maara dị ka tempering.Mgbe emenyụchara ụfọdụ alloy iji mepụta ihe ngwọta siri ike karịrị akarị, a na-edobe ha n'ime ụlọ okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu dị elu karịa ogologo oge iji meziwanye ike, ike, ma ọ bụ eletriki magnetism nke alloy.A na-akpọ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị otú ahụ ọgwụgwọ ịka nká.
Nrụ ọrụ nrụgide nrụgide na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ n'ụzọ dị irè na njikọ chiri anya iji mezuo, nke mere na workpiece na-enweta ike dị mma nke ukwuu, siri ike na usoro a maara dị ka deformation okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ;na a na-adịghị mma-nrụgide ikuku ma ọ bụ agụụ na okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ a maara dị ka agụụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, nke na-abụghị nanị nwere ike ime ka workpiece adịghị oxidize, adịghị decarburize, na-elu nke workpiece mgbe ọgwụgwọ, melite arụmọrụ nke workpiece, ma. nakwa site n'aka osmotic maka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kemịkal.
Elu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ bụ naanị kpo oku elu oyi akwa nke workpiece ịgbanwe n'ibu Njirimara nke elu oyi akwa nke metal okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro.Iji na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu oyi akwa nke workpiece na-enweghị oke okpomọkụ nyefe n'ime workpiece, ojiji nke okpomọkụ isi iyi ga-enwe a elu ike njupụta, ya bụ, na unit ebe nke workpiece na-enye ibu okpomọkụ ike, otú ahụ. na elu oyi akwa nke workpiece ma ọ bụ mpaghara nwere ike ịbụ obere oge ma ọ bụ ozugbo iru elu okpomọkụ.Ngwọta okpomọkụ dị n'elu nke isi ụzọ nke ire ọkụ na-emenyụ ọkụ na induction ikpo ọkụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka oxyacetylene ma ọ bụ oxypropane flame, induction current, laser and electron beam.
Chemical okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ bụ metal okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro site na-agbanwe chemical mejupụtara, nzukọ na Njirimara nke elu oyi akwa nke workpiece.Chemical okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ dị iche na elu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na mbụ na-agbanwe chemical mejupụtara nke elu oyi akwa nke workpiece.Chemical okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na-etinye na workpiece nwere carbon, nnu media ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ alloying ọcha nke ọkara (gas, mmiri mmiri, siri ike) na kpo oku, mkpuchi maka ogologo oge, nke mere na elu oyi akwa nke workpiece infiltration nke carbon. , nitrogen, boron na chromium na ihe ndị ọzọ.Mgbe infiltration nke ihe, na mgbe ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro dị ka quenching na tempering.Ụzọ bụ isi nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kemịkalụ bụ carburizing, nitriding, metal penetration.
Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ bụ otu n'ime usoro dị mkpa na usoro mmepụta nke akụkụ igwe na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe.N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọ nwere ike hụ na melite dị iche iche Njirimara nke workpiece, dị ka eyi iguzogide, corrosion iguzogide.nwekwara ike imeziwanye nhazi nke ọnọdụ oghere na nchekasị, iji mee ka nhazi dị iche iche nke oyi na ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ: ígwè nkedo na-acha ọcha mgbe ogologo oge gachara ọgwụgwọ annealing nwere ike nweta ígwè nkedo malleable, melite plasticity;Gears na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ziri ezi, ndụ ọrụ nwere ike ịbụ karịa oge mgbatị ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ oge;na mgbakwunye, ọnụ ala carbon ígwè site infiltration nke ụfọdụ alloying ọcha nwere ụfọdụ oké ọnụ alloy ígwè arụmọrụ, nwere ike dochie ụfọdụ okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ígwè, igwe anaghị agba nchara;ebu na anwụ fọrọ nke nta niile mkpa ịga site okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ Enwere ike iji naanị mgbe okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ.
Ngwa mgbakwunye
I. Ụdị mgbakasị ahụ
Annealing bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke workpiece na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị, na-ejide ya ruo oge ụfọdụ, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka ọ dị jụụ.
E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị usoro annealing ígwè, dị ka okpomọkụ okpomọkụ nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: otu bụ na okpomọkụ dị oke egwu (Ac1 ma ọ bụ Ac3) n'elu annealing, nke a makwaara dị ka mgbanwe mgbanwe recrystallization annealing, gụnyere annealing zuru ezu, ezughị ezu annealing. , spheroidal annealing na diffusion annealing (homogenization annealing), wdg;nke ọzọ dị n'okpuru okpomọkụ dị oke egwu nke annealing, gụnyere recrystallization annealing na de-stressing annealing, wdg .. Dị ka usoro jụrụ oyi, annealing nwere ike kewaa n'ime isothermal annealing na na-aga n'ihu jụrụ annealing.
1, mgbakasị ahụ zuru oke na annealing isothermal
Annealing zuru oke, nke a makwaara dị ka recrystallization annealing, nke a na-akpọkarị annealing, ọ bụ nchara ma ọ bụ nchara a na-ekpo ọkụ na Ac3 n'elu 20 ~ 30 ℃, mkpuchi ogologo oge iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwadoro kpamkpam mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ngwa ngwa, iji nweta nhazi nhazi nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nhazi. nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.A na-eji mgbakasị ahụ eme ihe maka nhazi nke sub-eutectic dị iche iche nke nkedo carbon na alloy steel, forgings na profaịlụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ejikwa ya rụọ ụlọ welded.N'ozuzu mgbe dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke adịghị arọ workpiece ikpeazụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, ma ọ bụ dị ka a tupu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nke ụfọdụ workpieces.
2, ịgba bọọlụ
A na-ejikarị spheroidal annealing maka ihe karịrị eutectic carbon steel na alloy tool steel (dị ka imepụta ngwaọrụ ihu, gauges, ebu na anwụ ejiri nchara).Nzube ya bụ isi bụ ibelata ike siri ike, melite machinability, na ịkwado maka imenyụ n'ọdịnihu.
3, mgbakasị ahụ mgbakasị ahụ
Mbelata ihe mgbakasị ahụ, nke a makwaara dị ka mgbakasị ahụ dị ala (ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ dị elu), a na-ejikarị annealing a na-ewepụ ihe nkedo, akpụ akpụ, welding, akụkụ ndị a na-ekpo ọkụ, akụkụ oyi na-adọkpụ na nrụgide ndị ọzọ fọdụrụnụ.Ọ bụrụ na ewepụghị nrụgide ndị a, ga-eme ka ígwè mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ma ọ bụ n'ime usoro igbutu na-esote iji mepụta nrụrụ ma ọ bụ mgbawa.
4. Annealing na-ezughị ezu bụ ikpo ọkụ nchara na Ac1 ~ Ac3 (sub-eutectic steel) ma ọ bụ Ac1 ~ ACcm (over-eutectic steel) n'etiti nchekwa ọkụ na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa iji nweta nhazi nhazi nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
II.quenching, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe jụrụ oyi bụ brine, mmiri na mmanụ.
Nnu mmiri quenching nke workpiece, mfe iji nweta elu ekweghị ekwe na-eji ire ụtọ elu, ọ dịghị mfe na-emepụta quenching bụghị ike rọrọ ntụpọ, ma ọ dị mfe ime ka workpiece deformation dị oké njọ, na ọbụna cracking.The ojiji nke mmanụ dị ka a quenching ọkara bụ naanị adabara nkwụsi ike nke supercooled austenite bụ dịtụ nnukwu na ụfọdụ alloy ígwè ma ọ bụ obere size nke carbon ígwè workpiece quenching.
III.nzube nke ígwè tempering
1, belata nrịkasị ahụ, kpochapụ ma ọ bụ belata nrụgide dị n'ime, nkwụsị ígwè na-enwe nnukwu nrụgide dị n'ime na nhịkọ, dị ka iwe ọkụ na-adịghị n'oge ga-emekarị nchara nchara ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-agbawa.
2, iji nweta chọrọ n'ibu Njirimara nke workpiece, na workpiece mgbe quenching elu ike ike na kenkuwa, iji izute chọrọ nke dị iche iche Njirimara nke a dịgasị iche iche nke workpieces, ị nwere ike ịgbanwe ekweghị ekwe site kwesịrị ekwesị tempering iji belata nkuku ume. nke siri ike achọrọ, plasticity.
3. Mee ka size nke workpiece guzosie ike
4, n'ihi na annealing siri ike ime ka ụfọdụ alloy steels dị nro, na quenching (ma ọ bụ normalizing) na-ejikarị eme ihe mgbe elu okpomọkụ tempering, nke mere na ígwè carbide nchikota kwesịrị ekwesị, ike ga-ebelata, iji kwado ịcha na nhazi.
Echiche mgbakwunye
1, annealing: na-ezo aka na ihe igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị, na-echekwa ruo oge ụfọdụ, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị jụụ.Usoro annealing a na-ahụkarị bụ: recrystallization annealing, annealing stress, spheroidal annealing, complete annealing, etc.. Ebumnuche nke annealing: tumadi iji belata ike nke ígwè ihe, melite plasticity, iji kwado ịcha ma ọ bụ nrụgide machining, belata ihe fọdụrụ nrụgide. , melite nhazi na nhazi nke homogenization, ma ọ bụ maka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke ikpeazụ iji mee ka nzukọ ahụ dị njikere.
2, normalizing: na-ezo aka na ígwè ma ọ bụ ígwè kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ma ọ bụ (ígwè na oké egwu n'ókè nke okpomọkụ) n'elu, 30 ~ 50 ℃ ka ịnọgide na-enwe kwesịrị ekwesị oge, jụrụ na ka ikuku okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro.Ebumnuche nke normalizing: tumadi iji melite n'ibu Njirimara nke ala carbon ígwè, melite ọnwụ na machinability, ọka ukpụhọde, ikpochapụ nzukọ ntụpọ, n'ihi na nke ikpeazụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ iji kwadebe nzukọ.
3, quenching: na-ezo aka nchara kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na Ac3 ma ọ bụ Ac1 (ígwè n'okpuru ebe dị oké egwu nke okpomọkụ) n'elu ụfọdụ okpomọkụ, na-edebe oge ụfọdụ, na mgbe ahụ na kwesịrị ekwesị jụrụ ọnụego, iji nweta martensite (ma ọ bụ bainite) nzukọ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.Usoro quenching ndị a na-emekarị bụ nkwụsị nke otu-ọkara, okpukpu abụọ-ọkara quenching, martensite quenching, bainite isothermal quenching, elu quenching na mpaghara quenching.Nzube nke quenching: nke mere na ígwè akụkụ iji nweta chọrọ martensitic nzukọ, melite ike nke workpiece, ike na abrasion eguzogide, n'ihi na nke ikpeazụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ime ezi nkwadebe maka nzukọ.
4, tempering: na-ezo aka na nchara siri ike, wee kpoo ọkụ na okpomọkụ n'okpuru Ac1, na-ejide oge, wee mee ka ọ dị jụụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.Usoro iwe ọkụ ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ: okpomọkụ dị ala, okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, okpomọkụ dị elu na otutu ọkụ.
Nzube ọkụ: tumadi iji kpochapụ nchekasị nke ígwè na-emepụta na nkwụsị, nke mere na ígwè ahụ nwere ike dị elu ma na-eyi nkwụsi ike, ma nwee plasticity chọrọ na ike siri ike.
5, tempering: na-ezo aka nchara ma ọ bụ nchara maka ikpochapụ na okpomọkụ dị elu nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke mejupụtara.A na-eji ya eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ tempering nke ígwè a na-akpọ nchara nchara.Ọ na-ezo aka na ọkara carbon structural steel na ọkara carbon alloy structural steel.
6, carburizing: carburizing bụ usoro nke ime ka carbon atom banye n'ime elu oyi akwa nke ígwè.Ọ bụkwa ime ka obere carbon ígwè workpiece nwere n'elu oyi akwa nke elu carbon ígwè, na mgbe quenching na ala okpomọkụ tempering, nke mere na elu oyi akwa nke workpiece nwere elu ekweghị ekwe na-eyi nguzogide, mgbe etiti akụkụ nke workpiece. ka na-edobe ike na plasticity nke obere carbon ígwè.
Usoro oghere
N'ihi na kpo oku na obi jụrụ ọrụ nke metal workpieces chọrọ iri na abuo ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ omume iji wuchaa.A na-eme omume ndị a n'ime ọkụ ọkụ ọgwụgwọ ọkụ, onye ọrụ enweghị ike ịbịaru nso, ya mere a chọrọ ogo nke akpaaka nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ.N'otu oge ahụ, ụfọdụ omume, dị ka kpo oku na ijide ọgwụgwụ nke metal workpiece quenching usoro ga-abụ isii, omume asaa na-agwụ agwụ n'ime 15 sekọnd.Ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ agile iji mezue ọtụtụ omume, ọ dị mfe ime ka ụjọ nke onye ọrụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma.Ya mere, ọ bụ naanị ogo dị elu nke akpaaka nwere ike ịbụ nke ziri ezi, nhazi oge na-adabere na mmemme ahụ.
A na-eme ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke akụkụ ígwè n'ime ọkụ ọkụ mechiri emechi, a maara nke ọma na-emechi oghere.Ya mere, iji nweta na rube isi na mbụ ikuku ntapu ọnụego nke ọkụ, iji hụ na na-arụ ọrụ agụụ nke agụụ ọkụ, iji hụ na àgwà nke akụkụ agụụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nwere nnọọ ihe dị mkpa.Ya mere, isi okwu nke igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ bụ inwe usoro mkpuchi oghere a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.Iji hụ na agụụ ịrụ ọrụ nke agụụ ọkụ, agụụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ọkụ Ọdịdị imewe ga-eso a bụ isi ụkpụrụ, ya bụ, ọkụ ahụ na-eji gas-mkwe ịgbado ọkụ, mgbe ọkụ ahụ dị ka obere ka o kwere mee na-emeghe ma ọ bụ na-emeghe. oghere ahụ, na-erughị ma ọ bụ zere iji usoro akara akara dị ike, iji belata ohere nke ntapu oghere.Awụnyere n'ime ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ngwa ndị dị ka electrodes jụrụ oyi, a ghaghị ịmepụta ngwaọrụ mbupụ thermocouple iji mechie ihe owuwu ahụ.
Ọtụtụ ihe kpo oku na ihe mkpuchi nwere ike iji naanị n'okpuru oghere.Igwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu, ya mere ihe ndị a na-etinye n'ihu nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, nsonaazụ radieshon, conductivity thermal na ihe ndị ọzọ chọrọ.Ihe ndị a chọrọ maka nguzogide oxidation adịghị elu.Ya mere, a na-eji tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum na graphite na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe mkpuchi ọkụ.Ihe ndị a dị mfe oxidize na steeti ikuku, ya mere, ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ nkịtị enweghị ike iji ihe ndị a kpo oku na mkpuchi.
Ngwaọrụ jụrụ oyi: oghere ikpo ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ shei, mkpuchi ọkụ, ihe ọkụ ọkụ eletrik, electrodes jụrụ oyi, etiti oghere okpomọkụ mkpuchi ọnụ ụzọ na ihe ndị ọzọ, nọ na oghere, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọrụ ọkụ.Na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ na-adịghị mma, a ghaghị ijide n'aka na nhazi nke akụkụ ọ bụla adịghị emebi ma ọ bụ mebie ya, na mkpuchi mkpuchi adịghị ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ ọkụ.Ya mere, a ga-edozi akụrụngwa ọ bụla dịka ọnọdụ dị iche iche si dị na ngwaọrụ ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ iji hụ na ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma ma nwee ndụ zuru oke.
Ojiji nke obere voltaji dị elu ugbu a: akpa oghere, mgbe ogo oghere oghere nke ole na ole lxlo-1 torr, oghere oghere nke onye na-eduzi ike na voltaji dị elu, ga-emepụta ihe na-enwu gbaa.N'ime ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, mwepu arc siri ike ga-ere ọkụ eletrik ọkụ, mkpuchi mkpuchi, na-akpata nnukwu ihe mberede na mfu.Ya mere, agụụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ọkụ eletrik kpo oku mmewere na-arụ ọrụ voltaji bụ n'ozuzu bụghị ihe karịrị 80 a 100 volts.N'otu oge ahụ na electric kpo oku mmewere Ọdịdị imewe na-dị irè jikoro, dị ka na-agbalị izere inwe n'ọnụ nke akụkụ, electrode spacing n'etiti electrodes ike ịbụ kwa obere, iji gbochie ọgbọ na-egbuke egbuke ihapu ma ọ bụ arc. igbapu.
Iwe iwe
Dị ka ọrụ dị iche iche chọrọ nke workpiece si dị, dị ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ya dị iche iche si dị, enwere ike kewaa n'ime ụdị tempering ndị a:
(a) Okpomọkụ dị ala (ogo 150-250)
Obere okpomọkụ tempering nke n'ihi nzukọ maka tempered martensite.Nzube ya bụ ịnọgide na-enwe nnukwu ike ike na elu eyi iguzogide ígwè emenyụ emenyụ n'okpuru premise nke ibelata ya quenching esịtidem nchegbu na brittleness, ka zere chipping ma ọ bụ akaghi aka mmebi n'oge ojiji.A na-ejikarị ya maka ngwaọrụ dị elu nke carbon carbon dị iche iche, gauges, anwụ na-acha oyi, ihe na-agbagharị agbagharị na akụkụ carburized, wdg, mgbe ike iwe ọkụ na-abụkarị HRC58-64.
(ii) okpomọkụ nke etiti (250-500 degrees)
Nhazi okpomọkụ nke etiti maka ahụ quartz nwere iwe.Ebumnuche ya bụ inweta ike mkpụrụ dị elu, oke ngbanwe na ịdị elu siri ike.Ya mere, ọ na-tumadi-eji maka a dịgasị iche iche nke iyi na-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ ebu nhazi, tempering hardness bụ n'ozuzu HRC35-50.
(C) okpomọkụ dị elu (500-650 degrees)
Igwe ọkụ dị elu nke nzukọ maka Sohnite na-ewe iwe.Omenala quenching na elu okpomọkụ tempering jikọtara okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ mara dị ka tempering ọgwụgwọ, nzube ya bụ iji nweta ike, ike na plasticity, siri ike bụ mma n'ozuzu n'ibu Njirimara.Ya mere, a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụgbọ ala, traktọ, ngwá ọrụ igwe na akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa, dị ka njikọ njikọ, bolts, gears na shafts.Isi ike mgbe iwe ọkụ gasịrị bụ HB200-330.
Mgbochi nrụrụ
Nkenke mgbagwoju ebu deformation akpata bụ mgbe mgbagwoju, ma anyị dị nnọọ ịmụta ya deformation iwu, nyochaa ya na-akpata, na-eji ụzọ dị iche iche iji gbochie ebu deformation bụ ike ibelata, ma na-enwe ike ịchịkwa.N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke nrụrụ mgbagwoju anya nke ọma nwere ike iji ụzọ mgbochi ndị a.
(1) Nhọrọ ihe ezi uche dị na ya.Nkenke mgbagwoju ebu kwesịrị họrọ ihe ọma microdeformation ebu ígwè (dị ka ikuku quenching ígwè), na carbide segregation nke oké njọ ebu ígwè kwesịrị ezi uche forging na tempering okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, na ibu na ike esorowo ebu ígwè pụrụ ịbụ siri ike ngwọta abụọ ukpụhọde. ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
(2) Ebu Ọdịdị imewe kwesịrị ezi uche, ọkpụrụkpụ ekwesịghị ịdị oke disparate, udi kwesịrị ịbụ symmetrical, n'ihi na deformation nke ibu ebu ka ịmụta deformation iwu, echekwabara nhazi ohere, maka nnukwu, kpọmkwem na mgbagwoju ebu nwere ike ji mee ihe. na ngwakọta nke owuwu.
(3) Nkenke na ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya kwesịrị ịbụ ọgwụgwọ tupu ikpo ọkụ iji kpochapụ nrụgide fọdụrụnụ na-emepụta na usoro nhazi.
(4) Ezi uche nhọrọ nke kpo oku okpomọkụ, ịchịkwa kpo oku ọsọ, n'ihi na nkenke mgbagwoju ebu nwere ike na-eji nwayọọ kpo oku, preheating na ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị kpo oku ụzọ iji belata ebu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ deformation.
(5) N'okpuru premise nke n'ịhụ na ike nke ebu, gbalịa na-eji tupu oyi, graded jụrụ quenching ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ quenching usoro.
(6) N'ihi na nkenke na mgbagwoju ebu, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ikike, gbalịa iji agụụ kpo oku quenching na miri jụrụ ọgwụgwọ mgbe quenching.
(7) N'ihi na ụfọdụ nkenke na mgbagwoju ebu nwere ike iji tupu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, ịka nká okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, tempering nitriding okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ịchịkwa ziri ezi nke ebu.
(8) Na nrụzi nke oghere ájá ájá, porosity, eyi na ntụpọ ndị ọzọ, iji igwe ịgbado ọkụ oyi na mmetụta ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ nke ihe nrụzi iji zere usoro nrụzi nke nrụrụ.
Ke adianade do, ziri ezi okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro ọrụ (dị ka plugging oghere, kegide oghere, n'ibu fixation, kwesịrị ekwesị kpo oku ụzọ, ziri ezi nhọrọ nke jụrụ ntụziaka nke ebu na ntụziaka nke ije na jụrụ oyi, wdg) na ezi uche. tempering okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro bụ iji belata deformation nke ziri ezi na mgbagwoju ebu bụkwa irè jikoro.
A na-arụkarị ọgwụgwọ ikpochapụ elu na iwe ọkụ site na kpo oku induction ma ọ bụ ikpo ọkụ ọkụ.The isi teknuzu paramita bụ elu ekweghị ekwe, obodo ike ike na irè hardening oyi akwa omimi.Enwere ike iji ule siri ike nke Vickers tester, nwekwara ike iji Rockwell ma ọ bụ n'elu Rockwell hardness tester.Nhọrọ nke ike ule (ọnụọgụ) metụtara omimi nke oyi akwa siri ike dị irè na ike elu nke workpiece.Ụdị ihe nleba anya atọ dị n'ebe a.
Nke mbụ, Vickers hardness tester bụ ụzọ dị mkpa iji nwalee ike nke elu nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, enwere ike ịhọrọ ya site na 0.5 ruo 100kg nke ike ule, nwalee oyi akwa akwa siri ike dị ka 0.05mm siri ike, na izi ezi ya bụ nke kachasị elu. , na ọ nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị nta na elu ike ike nke okpomọkụ-emeso workpieces.Ke adianade do, omimi nke irè obi tara mmiri oyi akwa kwesịkwara achọpụtara site Vickers hardness tester, n'ihi ya, n'ihi na elu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nhazi ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke nkeji na-eji elu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ workpiece, onwem na a Vickers hardness tester dị mkpa.
Nke abuo, ihe nleba anya Rockwell hardness tester dịkwa mma nke ukwuu maka ịnwale ike nke ọrụ siri ike nke elu, elu Rockwell hardness tester nwere akpịrịkpa atọ ịhọrọ.Nwere ike nwalee ịdị irè hardening omimi nke ihe karịrị 0.1mm dị iche iche elu hardening workpiece.Ọ bụ ezie na n'elu Rockwell hardness tester nkenke adịghị elu dị ka Vickers hardness tester, ma dị ka a okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ osisi àgwà management na ruru eru nyocha ụzọ nke nchọpụta, enwewo ike izute chọrọ.Ọzọkwa, ọ na-nwere a mfe ọrụ, mfe iji, ala price, ngwa ngwa nha, nwere ike ozugbo na-agụ ekweghị ekwe uru na ndị ọzọ e ji mara, ojiji nke elu Rockwell hardness tester nwere ike ịbụ a ogbe nke elu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ workpiece maka ngwa ngwa na-abụghị. ule na-emebi ibe-site-ibe.Nke a dị mkpa maka nhazi ígwè na ígwè ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Nke atọ, mgbe n'elu okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ike oyi akwa bụ thicker, nwekwara ike iji Rockwell hardness tester.Mgbe okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ike oyi akwa ọkpụrụkpụ nke 0.4 ~ 0.8mm, nwere ike ji mee ihe HRA ọnụ ọgụgụ, mgbe obi tara mmiri oyi akwa nke ihe karịrị 0.8mm, nwere ike ji mee ihe HRC ọnụ ọgụgụ.
Vickers, Rockwell na elu Rockwell ụdị atọ nke ụkpụrụ siri ike nwere ike gbanwee n'otu n'otu, gbanwee na ọkọlọtọ, eserese ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ chọrọ uru siri ike.Enyere tebụl ngbanwe kwekọrọ na ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa ISO, ọkọlọtọ American ASTM na ọkọlọtọ China GB/T.
hardening mpaghara
Akụkụ ma ọ bụrụ na mpaghara ike ike chọrọ nke elu, dị induction kpo oku na ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara quenching okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, ndị dị otú ahụ akụkụ na-emekarị nwere akara ọnọdụ nke mpaghara quenching okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na obodo ekweghị ekwe uru na eserese.Ekwesịrị ịme ule siri ike nke akụkụ na mpaghara a họpụtara.Enwere ike iji ngwa ule ike ike Rockwell tester, nwalee uru ike ike HRC, dị ka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ siri ike oyi akwa na-emighị emi, enwere ike iji elu Rockwell hardness tester, nwalee uru ike ike HRN.
Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kemịkalụ
Chemical okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ bụ ime ka elu nke workpiece infiltration nke otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ chemical ọcha nke atọm, ka ịgbanwe chemical mejupụtara, nzukọ na arụmọrụ nke elu nke workpiece.Mgbe quenching na ala okpomọkụ tempering, n'elu nke workpiece nwere elu ekweghị ekwe, eyi iguzogide na kọntaktị ike ọgwụgwụ, mgbe isi nke workpiece nwere elu siri ike.
Dị ka nke dị n'elu, nchọpụta na ndekọ nke okpomọkụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị oke mkpa, na njikwa okpomọkụ na-adịghị mma nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ngwaahịa ahụ.Ya mere, nchọpụta nke okpomọkụ dị ezigbo mkpa, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na usoro dum dịkwa oke mkpa, na-akpata usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ga-edekọ na mgbanwe okpomọkụ, nwere ike ịkwado nyocha data n'ọdịnihu, kamakwa ịhụ nke oge. okpomọkụ anaghị emezu ihe achọrọ.Nke a ga-ekere òkè dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ n'ọdịnihu.
Usoro ọrụ
1, Hichaa ọrụ saịtị, lelee ma ike ọkọnọ, nha ngwá na dị iche iche switches bụ nkịtị, na ma mmiri iyi bụ ire ụtọ.
2, Ndị na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị iyi ezigbo ngwá ọrụ nchebe ọrụ, ma ọ bụghị ya ga-adị ize ndụ.
3, na-emeghe akara ike eluigwe na ala nyefe mgba ọkụ, dị ka teknuzu chọrọ nke akụrụngwa graded ngalaba nke okpomọkụ ịrị elu na ọdịda, ịgbatị ndụ nke akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa emebibeghị.
4, ịṅa ntị na okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ọkụ ọkụ na ntupu eriri ọsọ iwu, nwere ike ịmụta okpomọkụ ụkpụrụ chọrọ maka dị iche iche ihe, iji hụ na ike nke workpiece na elu straightness na oxidation oyi akwa, na kpọrọ ihe na-arụ ọrụ dị mma nke nchekwa. .
5, Iji ntị ka tempering ọkụ okpomọkụ na ntupu eriri ọsọ, na-emeghe iyuzucha ikuku, nke mere na workpiece mgbe tempering izute àgwà chọrọ.
6, na ọrụ kwesịrị ịrapara na post.
7, iji hazie ngwa ọkụ dị mkpa, marakwa ụzọ eji na nhazi.
8, Mgbe na-akwụsị igwe, anyị kwesịrị ịlele na niile akara switches bụ anya, na mgbe ahụ na-emechi eluigwe na ala nyefe mgba ọkụ.
ekpo oke ọkụ
Site n'ọnụ siri ike nke ihe eji eme ihe na-ebu akụkụ nwere ike ịhụ mgbe emenyụchara microstructure ekpo oke ọkụ.Ma iji chọpụta kpọmkwem ogo ikpo ọkụ ga-edebe microstructure.Ọ bụrụ na GCr15 ígwè quenching nzukọ na ọdịdị nke keadighi rarii agịga martensite, ọ na-quenching ekpo oke ọkụ nzukọ.Ihe mere e ji guzobe quenching kpo oku okpomọkụ nwere ike ịdị elu ma ọ bụ kpo oku na-ejide oge na-adị ogologo oge na-akpata site na oke okpomọkụ;nwekwara ike ịbụ n'ihi na mbụ nzukọ nke band carbide serious, na ala carbon ebe n'etiti abụọ ìgwè na-etolite a localized martensite agịga oké, dapụtara na localized ikpo ọkụ.Residual austenite na nzukọ ekpo oke ọkụ na-abawanye, na nkwụsi ike akụkụ na-ebelata.N'ihi ikpo ọkụ nke nzukọ na-emenyụ ọkụ, kristal ígwè dị oke njọ, nke ga-eduga n'ibelata ike nke akụkụ ahụ, mmetụta nkwụsị na-ebelata, na ndụ nke ibu ahụ na-ebelatakwa.Okpomọkụ siri ike nwere ike ime ka mgbawa kwụsị.
Igwe ọkụ
Igwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ dị ala ma ọ bụ jụrụ oyi na-adịghị mma ga-emepụta karịa ọkọlọtọ Torrhenite nzukọ na microstructure, nke a maara dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ekpo ọkụ, nke na-eme ka ike ghara ịdaba, a na-ebelata iguzogide iyi nke ọma, na-emetụta ndụ nke akụkụ ndị na-ebu ibu.
Na-emenyụ mgbawa
Akụkụ ndị na-ebu igwe na-emenyụ na usoro jụrụ oyi n'ihi nrụgide dị n'ime ahụ malitere mgbawa a na-akpọ quenching cracks.Ihe na-akpata ndị dị otú ahụ cracks bụ: n'ihi quenching kpo oku okpomọkụ dị oke elu ma ọ bụ dị jụụ dị ngwa ngwa, thermal stress and metal mass volume change na nzukọ nke nrụgide dị ukwuu karịa mgbawa ike nke ígwè;ọrụ elu nke mbụ ntụpọ (dị ka elu cracks ma ọ bụ scratches) ma ọ bụ esịtidem ntụpọ na ígwè (dị ka slag, oké njọ na-abụghị ọla inclusions, ọcha tụrụ, shrinkage fọdụrụnụ, wdg) na quenching nke guzobe nke nrụgide uche;nnukwu decarburization elu na nkewa Carbide;akụkụ kwụsịrị mgbe iwe ọkụ ezughị oke ma ọ bụ oge na-adịghị;Nchegbu ntụmadị oyi nke usoro gara aga kpatara buru oke ibu, mpịakọta nke mpịachi, mkpụgharị miri emi, oghere mmanụ dị nkọ na ihe ndị ọzọ.Na nkenke, ihe kpatara nkwụsị mgbawa nwere ike ịbụ otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ihe ndị a dị n'elu, ọnụnọ nke nrụgide dị n'ime bụ isi ihe mere e ji emepụta mgbawa ọkụ.Ngwunye mgbawa dị omimi ma dị gịrịgịrị, nwere mgbaji kwụ ọtọ na enweghị agba oxidized n'elu gbajiri agbaji.Ọ na-abụkarị mgbawa dị larịị ogologo ma ọ bụ mgbawa yiri mgbanaka n'olu olu ebu;ọdịdị dị na bọọlụ nchara na-ebu bụ S-shaped, T-shaped ma ọ bụ mgbanaka.The nhazi e ji mara quenching mgbape bụ dịghị decarburization onu na abụọ nke mgbape, n'ụzọ doro anya iche si forging cracks na ihe cracks.
Nrụrụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ
NACHI na-ebu akụkụ na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, enwere nrụgide okpomọkụ na nrụgide nhazi, nke a na-eme ka nrụgide dị n'ime ya nwee ike ịkwado ibe ya ma ọ bụ nkwụsịtụ, dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị iche iche, n'ihi na enwere ike ịgbanwe ya na okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, ọnụego okpomọkụ, ọnọdụ jụrụ oyi, oyi. ọnụego, ọdịdị na nha nke akụkụ ahụ, ya mere nrụrụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere.Ịghọta ma mara iwu nke iwu nwere ike ime ka nrụrụ nke akụkụ ndị na-ebu (dị ka oval nke olu akwa, nha elu, wdg) na-etinye n'ime ebe a na-achịkwa, na-eme ka mmepụta ya pụta.N'ezie, n'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke nchikota n'ibu ga-emekwa ka akụkụ ndị ahụ degharịa, ma a pụrụ iji nrụrụ a mee ihe iji meziwanye ọrụ iji belata ma zere.
Mwepu nke elu ala
Roller ngwa na-ebu akụkụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ na-ekpo ọkụ na oxidizing usoro, elu ga-oxidized nke mere na akụkụ n'elu carbon uka akụkụ na-ebelata, na-akpata n'elu decarburization.Omimi nke elu decarburization oyi akwa karịa nhazi ikpeazụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke njide ga-eme ka akụkụ ahụ kpochapụ.Mkpebi omimi nke oyi akwa decarburization elu na nyocha metallographic nke usoro metallographic dị na usoro microhardness dị.Usoro nkesa microhardness nke oyi akwa dị n'elu dabere na usoro nha, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe mkpezi ikpe.
Ebe dị nro
N'ihi ikpo ọkụ ezughi oke, jụrụ oyi na-adịghị mma, imenyụ arụ ọrụ nke isi ike na-adịghị mma nke akụkụ ndị na-ebu ihe na-ebu ya ezughị ezu, nke a maara dị ka quenching soft spot.Ọ dị ka mwepu nke elu ala nwere ike ime ka mbelata ike nke elu elu na ike ike ọgwụgwụ.
Oge nzipu: Dec-05-2023