Ọdịiche dị n'etiti carbon steel na igwe anaghị agba nchara

Carbon ígwè

Nchara nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ ya na-adabere n'ụzọ bụ isi na ọdịnaya carbon nke ígwè na nke a na-agbakwunyeghị ihe dị mkpa alloying na ya, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ carbon nkịtị ma ọ bụ carbon steel.

Carbon steel, nke a na-akpọkwa carbon steel, na-ezo aka na alloys iron-carbon nwere ihe na-erughị 2% carbon WC.

Carbon ígwè na-enwekarị obere silicon, manganese, sọlfọ na phosphorus na mgbakwunye na carbon.

Dị ka ojiji nke carbon ígwè nwere ike kewaa atọ edemede nke carbon structural ígwè, carbon ngwá ọrụ ígwè na free ọnwụ structural ígwè, carbon structural ígwè na-ekewa n'ime abụọ ụdị structural ígwè maka ewu na igwe ewu;

Dị ka usoro mgbaze nwere ike kewaa n'ime ọkụ ọkụ dị larịị, ígwè ntụgharị na ọkụ ọkụ eletrik;

Dị ka deoxidation usoro nwere ike kewaa n'ime esi ígwè (F), sedentary ígwè (Z), ọkara sedentary ígwè (b) na pụrụ iche sedentary ígwè (TZ);

Dị ka carbon ọdịnaya nke carbon ígwè nwere ike kewaa n'ime ala carbon ígwè (WC ≤ 0.25%), ọkara carbon ígwè (WC0.25% -0.6%) na elu carbon ígwè (WC> 0.6%);

Dị ka phosphorus si kwuo, enwere ike kewaa ọdịnaya sọlfọ nke carbon ígwè n'ime ígwè carbon nkịtị (nke nwere phosphorus, sọlfọ dị elu), carbon ígwè dị elu (nwere phosphorus, sọlfọ ala) na ígwè dị elu (nke nwere phosphorus, sulfur ala) na ígwè dị elu. pụrụ iche elu-edu ígwè.

Ihe dị elu nke carbon carbon n'ozuzu carbon ígwè, otú ahụ ka ike siri ike karị, ike dị elu, mana ọ na-ebelata plasticity.

Igwe anaghị agba nchara

A na-akpọ igwe anaghị agba nchara na-eguzogide acid dị ka igwe anaghị agba nchara, nke nwere akụkụ abụọ bụ isi: igwe anaghị agba nchara na nchara na-eguzogide acid.Na nkenke, nchara nke nwere ike iguzogide corrosion ikuku ka a na-akpọ igwe anaghị agba nchara, ebe igwe nwere ike iguzogide corrosion site na mgbasa ozi kemịkalụ ka a na-akpọ ígwè na-eguzogide acid.Igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ ígwè dị elu nke nwere ihe karịrị 60% nke ígwè dị ka matriks, na-agbakwunye chromium, nickel, molybdenum na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ọ dị mma.

Mgbe ígwè ahụ nwere ihe karịrị 12% chromium, ígwè dị na ikuku na dilute nitric acid adịghị mfe imebi na nchara.Ihe kpatara ya bụ na chromium nwere ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri chromium oxide nke ukwuu n'elu ígwè, na-echebe ígwè ahụ nke ọma site na mmebi.Igwe anaghị agba nchara na ọdịnaya chromium na-adịkarị karịa 14%, mana igwe anaghị agba nchara anaghị enwecha nchara.N'ebe ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ mmetọ ikuku siri ike, mgbe ikuku ion ion ion dị ukwuu, elu nke igwe anaghị agba nchara na-ekpuchi ikuku nwere ike inwe ụfọdụ nchara nchara, ma nchara ndị a na-ejedebe naanị n'elu, agaghị emebi igwe anaghị agba nchara. esịtidem matrix.

N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ego nke chrome Wcr karịrị 12% nke ígwè nwere àgwà nke igwe anaghị agba nchara, igwe anaghị agba nchara dị ka microstructure mgbe okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nwere ike kewaa ise: ya bụ, ferrite igwe anaghị agba nchara, martensitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara. ígwè, austenitic - ferrite igwe anaghị agba nchara na precipitated carbonized igwe anaghị agba nchara.

A na-ekekarị igwe anaghị agba nchara site na nhazi matrix:

1, igwe anaghị agba nchara ferritic.Nwere 12% ruo 30% chromium.Nguzogide corrosion ya, ike siri ike na weldability na mmụba nke ọdịnaya chromium yana melite nguzogide corrosion chloride dị mma karịa ụdị igwe anaghị agba nchara ndị ọzọ.

2, austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara.Nwere ihe karịrị 18% chromium, nwekwara ihe dị ka 8% nickel na obere molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen na ihe ndị ọzọ.Ịrụ ọrụ zuru oke dị mma, nwere ike na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche nke mgbasa ozi corrosion.

3, Austenitic - ferritic duplex igwe anaghị agba nchara.Ma austenitic na ferritic igwe anaghị agba nchara, na nwere uru nke superplasticity.

4, igwe anaghị agba nchara martensitic.Ike dị elu, mana plasticity adịghị mma na weldability.