Nkọwa ngwaahịa
LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) ígwè ọkpọkọ bụ ụdị ọkpọkọ ígwè welded nke e ji mara usoro mmepụta ha pụrụ iche na ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa.A na-arụpụta ọkpọkọ ndị a site n'ịkpụ efere ígwè ka ọ bụrụ ọdịdị cylindrical na ịgbado ogologo oge site na iji usoro ịgbado ọkụ n'ime mmiri.Nke a bụ nkọwapụta nke ọkpọkọ ígwè LSAW:
Usoro nrụpụta:
● Nkwadebe efere: A na-ahọrọ efere ígwè dị elu na-adabere na ihe ndị a chọrọ, na-eme ka ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ.
● Ịmepụta: A na-akpụ efere ígwè ka ọ bụrụ ọkpọkọ cylindrical site na usoro dị ka ịgbagọ, ịtụgharị, ma ọ bụ ịpị (JCOE na UOE).N'ọnụ bụ tupu curved ka ikwado ịgbado ọkụ.
● Ịgbado ọkụ: A na-arụ ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ n'ime mmiri (SAW), ebe a na-edobe arc n'okpuru oyi akwa.Nke a na-emepụta welds dị elu nke nwere obere ntụpọ na ngwakọta mara mma.
● Nyocha Ultrasonic: Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, a na-eme nyocha ultrasonic iji chọpụta ntụpọ ọ bụla n'ime ma ọ bụ mpụga na mpaghara weld.
● Ịgbasawanye: Enwere ike ịgbasa ọkpọkọ iji nweta dayameta a chọrọ na mgbidi mgbidi, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.
● Nleba ikpeazụ: Nnwale zuru oke, gụnyere nlele anya, nyocha akụkụ, na nyocha akụrụngwa, na-eme ka ọ dị mma nke ọkpọkọ.
Uru:
● Ọnụ ahịa bara uru: Ọkụ LSAW na-enye ngwọta dị irè maka pipeline nnukwu dayameta na ngwa nhazi n'ihi usoro mmepụta ha nke ọma.
● Ike dị elu: Usoro ịgbado ọkụ ogologo oge na-ebute ọkpọkọ nwere ihe ndị siri ike na nke edo edo.
● Izizi nha nha: ọkpọkọ LSAW na-egosipụta oke nha, na-eme ka ha dabara maka ngwa nwere nnabata siri ike.
● Ogo Weld: Ịgbado ọkụ arc a na-agbanye n'ime mmiri na-emepụta welds dị elu nke nwere njikọ dị mma na obere ntụpọ.
● Ọdịiche: A na-eji ọkpọkọ LSAW eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, gụnyere mmanụ na gas, ihe owuwu, na mmiri, n'ihi ngbanwe na ịdịte aka ha.
Na nchịkọta, a na-emepụta ọkpọkọ ígwè LSAW site na iji usoro ziri ezi na nke ọma, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị iche iche, ọnụ ahịa na-adịgide adịgide, na-adịgide adịgide maka ọtụtụ ngwa ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Nkọwapụta
API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
ASTM A252: GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 |
EN 10219-1: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
ASTM A53/A53M: GR.A, GR.B |
EN 10217: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
DIN 2458: St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 |
AS/NZS 1163: Ọkwa C250 , Ọkwa C350, Ọkwa C450 |
GB/T 9711: L175, L210, L245, L290, L320 , L360, L390 , L415, L450 , L485 |
ASTMA671: CA55/CB70/CC65, CB60/CB65/CB70/CC60/CC70, CD70/CE55/CE65/CF65/CF70, CF66/CF71/CF72/CF73, CG100/CH100/CI100/CJ10 |
Oke mmepụta
Dayameta dị n'èzí | Ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi dị maka ọkwa nchara dị n'okpuru | |||||||
Inch | mm | Ọkwa ígwè | ||||||
Inch | mm | L245(Gr.B) | L290(X42) | L360(X52) | L415(X60) | L450(X65) | L485(X70) | L555(X80) |
16 | 406 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-40mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
18 | 457 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-40mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
20 | 508 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-40mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
22 | 559 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-43 mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
24 | 610 | 6.0-57.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-43 mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
26 | 660 | 6.0-57.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-43 mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
28 | 711 | 6.0-57.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-43 mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
30 | 762 | 7.0-60.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-48.0mm | 7.0-47.0mm | 7.0-35 mm | 7.0-32.0mm |
32 | 813 | 7.0-60.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-48.0mm | 7.0-47.0mm | 7.0-35 mm | 7.0-32.0mm |
34 | 864 | 7.0-60.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-48.0mm | 7.0-47.0mm | 7.0-35 mm | 7.0-32.0mm |
36 | 914 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35mm | 8.0-32.0mm |
38 | 965 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35mm | 8.0-32.0mm |
40 | 1016 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35mm | 8.0-32.0mm |
42 | 1067 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35mm | 8.0-32.0mm |
44 | 1118 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-35mm | 9.0-32.0mm |
46 | 1168 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-35mm | 9.0-32.0mm |
48 | 1219 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-35mm | 9.0-32.0mm |
52 | 1321 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-35mm | 9.0-32.0mm |
56 | 1422 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
60 | 1524 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
64 | 1626 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
68 | 1727 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
72 | 1829 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
* Enwere ike ịhazi nha ndị ọzọ mgbe mkparịta ụka gasịrị
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ na ihe arụrụ arụ nke ọkpọ ígwè LSAW
Ọkọlọtọ | Ọkwa | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ(kachasị)% | Nrụ arụ (nkeji) | |||||
C | Mn | Si | S | P | Ike Mpụta (Mpa) | Ike Tensile (Mpa) | ||
GB/T700-2006 | A | 0.22 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0,050 | 0,045 | 235 | 370 |
B | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0,045 | 0,045 | 235 | 370 | |
C | 0.17 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0,040 | 0,040 | 235 | 370 | |
D | 0.17 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0,035 | 0,035 | 235 | 370 | |
GB/T1591-2009 | A | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0,035 | 0,035 | 345 | 470 |
B | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0,030 | 0,030 | 345 | 470 | |
C | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0,030 | 0,030 | 345 | 470 | |
EN10025 | S235JR | 0.17 | 1.4 | - | 0,035 | 0,035 | 235 | 360 |
S275JR | 0.21 | 1.5 | - | 0,035 | 0,035 | 275 | 410 | |
S355JR | 0.24 | 1.6 | - | 0,035 | 0,035 | 355 | 470 | |
DIN 17100 | ST37-2 | 0.2 | - | - | 0,050 | 0,050 | 225 | 340 |
ST44-2 | 0.21 | - | - | 0,050 | 0,050 | 265 | 410 | |
ST52-3 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.55 | 0,040 | 0,040 | 345 | 490 | |
JIS G3101 | SS400 | - | - | - | 0,050 | 0,050 | 235 | 400 |
SS490 | - | - | - | 0,050 | 0,050 | 275 | 490 | |
API 5L PSL1 | A | 0.22 | 0.9 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 210 | 335 |
B | 0.26 | 1.2 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 245 | 415 | |
X42 | 0.26 | 1.3 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 290 | 415 | |
X46 | 0.26 | 1.4 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 320 | 435 | |
X52 | 0.26 | 1.4 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 360 | 460 | |
X56 | 0.26 | 1.1 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 390 | 490 | |
X60 | 0.26 | 1.4 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 415 | 520 | |
X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 450 | 535 | |
X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 585 | 570 |
Ọkọlọtọ & Ọkwa
Ọkọlọtọ | Ọkwa ígwè |
API 5L: Nkọwapụta maka ọkpọkọ ahịrị | GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
ASTM A252: Nkọwa ọkọlọtọ maka ikpo ọkụ welded na enweghị nkebi | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 |
TS EN 10219-1 Oyi Haziri welded Structural Hollow ngalaba nke na-abụghị alloy na ọmarịcha ọka. | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
TS EN 10210: Akụkụ oghere arụchara nke ọma nke igwe anaghị agba nchara yana ọmarịcha ọka. | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
ASTM A53/A53M: Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-kpuchiri, Welded na enweghị nkebi | GR.A, GR.B |
TS EN 10208 ọkpọkọ ígwè maka ojiji na sistemu ụgbọ njem pipeline na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas. | L210GA, L235GA, L245GA, L290GA, L360GA |
TS EN 10217 tubes igwe welded maka ebumnuche nrụgide | P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
DIN 2458: Ọkpụkpụ ígwè welded na tubes | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 |
AS/NZS 1163: Ọstrelia/New Zealand Ọkọlọtọ maka ngalaba oghere Structural Steel kpụrụ oyi. | Ọkwa C250, Ọkwa C350, Ọkwa C450 |
GB/T 9711: Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na gas - ígwè ọkpọkọ maka pipeline | L175, L210, L245, L290, L320 , L360, L390 , L415, L450 , L485 |
ASTM A671: Electric-Fusion-welded Steel Pipe maka ikuku na Okpomọkụ dị ala | CA 55, CB 60, CB 65, CB 70, CC 60, CC 65, CC 70 |
ASTM A672: Igwe ọkụ eletrik na-ejikọta ọkpọkọ ígwè maka ọrụ nrụgide dị elu na oke okpomọkụ. | A45, A50, A55, B60, B65, B70, C55, C60, C65 |
ASTM A691: Carbon na alloy ígwè ọkpọkọ, eletriki-fusion welded maka ọrụ nrụgide dị elu na oke okpomọkụ. | CM-65, CM-70, CM-75, 1/2CR-1/2MO, 1CR-1/2MO, 2-1/4CR, 3CR |
Usoro nrụpụta
Njikwa ogo
● Nyochaa ihe eji eme ihe
● Nyocha Chemical
● Nnwale igwe
● Nnyocha anya
● Nyochaa akụkụ
● Nnwale ịgbagọ
● Nnwale mmetụta
● Nnwale corrosion intergranular
● Nnyocha na-adịghị emebi emebi (UT, MT, PT)
● Usoro ịgbado ọkụ
● Nyocha Microstructure
● Nnwale na-egbuke egbuke na nke na-egbuke egbuke
● Ule isi ike
● Nnwale Hydrostatic
● Nleba anya n'ọkpụkpụ
● Nnwale Mgbawa Na-akpata Mmiri (HIC)
● Sulfide Stress Cracking Test (SSC)
● Nnwale Eddy ugbu a
● Ihe osise na mkpuchi mkpuchi
● Nyochaa akwụkwọ
Ojiji & Ngwa
LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) ọkpọkọ ígwè na-achọta ngwa dị iche iche n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe n'usoro ha na ntụgharị.N'okpuru bụ ụfọdụ isi ojiji na ngwa nke ọkpọkọ ígwè LSAW:
● Ụgbọ njem mmanụ na gas: A na-eji ọkpọkọ ígwè LSAW eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas maka usoro pipeline.A na-eji ọkpọkọ ndị a arụ ọrụ maka ibufe mmanụ, gas, na mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ gas ndị ọzọ.
● Akụrụngwa mmiri: A na-eji ọkpọkọ LSAW eme ihe n'ọrụ akụrụngwa metụtara mmiri, gụnyere mmiri na-enye mmiri na usoro mmiri.
● Nhazi kemịkalụ: Ọkụ LSAW na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ ebe a na-arụ ọrụ maka ibufe kemịkalụ, mmiri mmiri, na gas n'ụzọ dị nchebe na nke ọma.
● Mwube na Akụrụngwa: A na-eji ọkpọkọ ndị a eme ihe n'ọrụ ihe owuwu dị iche iche, dị ka ntọala ụlọ, àkwà mmiri, na ngwa nhazi ndị ọzọ.
● Piling: A na-eji ọkpọkọ LSAW na-arụ ọrụ iji nye nkwado ndabere na ọrụ owuwu, gụnyere ntọala ụlọ na ihe owuwu mmiri.
● Ngalaba Ike: A na-eji ha ebuga ụdị ike dị iche iche, gụnyere uzuoku na mmiri ọkụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ọkụ.
● Ngwuputa: Ọkụ LSAW na-achọta ngwa n'ime ọrụ Ngwuputa maka ibuga ihe na ọdụ ọdụ.
● Usoro mmepụta ihe: Ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka mmepụta na mmepụta ihe na-eji ọkpọkọ LSAW eme ihe maka usoro mmepụta ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere ibuga akụrụngwa na ngwaahịa emechara.
● Mmepe akụrụngwa: ọkpọkọ ndị a dị mkpa n'ịzụlite akụrụngwa dịka okporo ụzọ, okporo ụzọ, na ihe ndị dị n'okpuru ala.
● Nkwado ihe owuwu: A na-eji ọkpọkọ LSAW emepụta ihe nkwado, ogidi, na ibé n'ọrụ ihe owuwu na injinịa.
● Ịrụ ụgbọ mmiri: N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, a na-eji ọkpọkọ LSAW rụọ ọrụ maka ịrụ akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụgbọ mmiri, gụnyere oghere na ihe nhazi.
● Ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala: Enwere ike iji ọkpọkọ LSAW mee ihe na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ụgbọala, gụnyere usoro ikpochapu.
Ngwa ndị a na-egosipụta ngbanwe nke ọkpọkọ ígwè LSAW n'ofe akụkụ dị iche iche, n'ihi ịdịte aka ha, ike, na mma maka ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche.
Mbukota & Mbupu
Ịkwakọ nke ọma na mbupu nke LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) ọkpọkọ ígwè dị oké mkpa iji hụ na ụgbọ njem ha na-ebuga na ebe dị iche iche adịghị mma.Nke a bụ nkọwa nke usoro mbukota na mbupu a na-ahụkarị maka ọkpọkọ ígwè LSAW:
Nkwakọ ngwaahịa:
● Ịchịkọta: A na-ejikọta ọkpọkọ LSAW ọnụ ma ọ bụ Otu Mpekere na-eji eriri ígwè ma ọ bụ eriri na-emepụta ihe ndị nwere ike ijikwa maka njikwa na njem.
● Nchekwa: A na-eji okpu rọba echebe nsọtụ ọkpọkọ iji gbochie mmebi n'oge njem.Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ihe nchebe kpuchie ọkpọkọ iji chekwaa ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi.
● Mkpuchi Mgbochi: Ọ bụrụ na ọkpọkọ nwere mkpuchi mgbochi, a na-eme ka mkpuchi mkpuchi ahụ bụrụ nke a na-ahụ anya n'oge nkwakọ iji gbochie mmebi n'oge njikwa na njem.
● Ịka akara na ịde aha: Akara ngwugwu ọ bụla nwere ozi dị mkpa dị ka nha ọkpọkọ, ọkwa ihe, nọmba okpomọkụ, na nkọwa ndị ọzọ maka njirimara dị mfe.
● Nchekwa: A na-ekedo ùkwù nke ọma na pallet ma ọ bụ skid iji gbochie mmegharị n'oge njem.
Mbupu:
● Ụdị Ụgbọ njem: Enwere ike ibupu ọkpọkọ ígwè LSAW site na iji ụdị njem dị iche iche, gụnyere okporo ụzọ, ụgbọ okporo ígwè, oké osimiri, ma ọ bụ ikuku, dabere na ebe na-aga na ngwa ngwa.
● Ebube: Enwere ike ibunye ọkpọkọ n'ime akpa maka nchebe agbakwunyere, karịsịa n'oge njem njem mba ofesi.A na-ebu ma chekwaa akpa ka ọ ghara ịgbanwe n'oge njem.
● Ndị Mmekọ Logistics: Ụlọ ọrụ logistics a ma ama ma ọ bụ ndị na-ebu ibu nwere ahụmahụ na-ejizi ọkpọkọ ígwè arụkọ ọrụ iji hụ na nnyefe dị mma na n'oge.
● Akwụkwọ ndị kọstọm: A na-akwado ma nyefee akwụkwọ omenala ndị dị mkpa, gụnyere ụgwọ mbubata, asambodo mmalite, na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa maka mbupu mba ụwa.
● Inshọransị: Dabere n'uru na ọdịdị ibu ahụ, a pụrụ ịhazi mkpuchi mkpuchi iji chebe ihe ndị a na-atụghị anya ya n'oge njem.
● Nsochi: Usoro nleba anya nke oge a na-enye ma onye na-ezipụ na onye na-anata aka nyochaa ọganihu nke mbupu na oge, na-eme ka nghọta na mmelite oge.
● Nbupu: A na-ebutu ọkpọkọ n'ebe a na-aga, na-agbaso usoro nbudata nke ọma iji zere imebi.
● Nyocha: Mgbe ọ bịarutere, ọkpọkọ nwere ike ịga nyocha iji chọpụta ọnọdụ ha yana kwekọrọ na nkọwapụta tupu onye nnata anabata ya.
Nkwakọ ngwaahịa kwesịrị ekwesị na mbupu na-enyere aka igbochi mmebi, jikwaa iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke ọkpọkọ ígwè LSAW, ma hụ na ha rutere ebe ha chọrọ n'enweghị nsogbu na n'ọnọdụ kachasị mma.